Windows NT is a Microsoft Windows personal computer operating system designed for users and businesses needing advanced capability. NT's technology is the base for the Microsoft successor operating system, Windows 2000. Windows NT (which may originally have stood for "New Technology," although Microsoft doesn't say) is actually two products: Microsoft NT Workstation and Microsoft NT Server.
The Workstation is designed for users, especially business users, who
need faster performance and a system a little more fail-safe than
Windows 95 and Windows 98. The Server is designed for business machines
that need to provide services for network-attached computers. The Server
is required, together with an Internet server such as Microsoft's
Internet Information Server (IIS), for a Windows system that plans to
serve Web pages.Windows NT Workstation: Microsoft says that 32-bit applications run
20% faster on this system than on Windows 95 (assuming both have 32
megabytes of RAM). Since older 16-bit applications run in a separate
address space, one can crash without crashing other applications or the
operating system. Security and management features not available on
Windows 95 are provided. The Workstation has the same desktop user
interface as Windows 95. Windows NT Server: The NT Server is probably the second most
installed network server operating system after Novell's NetWare
operating system. Microsoft claims that its NT servers are beginning to
replace both NetWare and the various Unix-based systems such as those of
Sun Microsystems and Hewlett-Packard. NT Server 5.0. essentially became
what was renamed Windows 2000. Notable features of the Windows 2000
products are:
- A fully-customizable administrative console that can be based on tasks rather than files, applications, or users
- A new file directory approach called Active Directory that lets the administrator and other users view every file and application in the network from a single point-of-view.
- Dynamic Domain Name Server (DNS), which replicates changes in the network using the Active Directory Services, the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and the Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) whenever a client is reconfigured.
- The ability to create, extend, or mirror a disk volume without having to shut down the system and to back up data to a variety of magnetic and optical storage media.
- A Distributed File System (DFS) that lets users see a distributed set of files in a single file structure across departments, divisions, or an entire enterprise.
- Close integration with and support for Microsoft's Message Queue Server, Microsoft Transaction Server, and Internet Information Server (IIS).
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